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MATH 448

Mathematical Models and Methods in Biology

Fall 2026  ·  California State University San Marcos  ·  Badal Joshi

Instructor Badal Joshi  ·  bjoshi at csusm dot edu
Text Allman & Rhodes, Mathematical Models in Biology
Useful References Nowak, Evolutionary Dynamics: Exploring the Equations of Life
Interactive Tools

Cobweb Explorer

Visualize the long-term behavior of discrete-time models. Adjust the growth rate r and watch stable fixed points give way to period-doubling cycles and chaos. Includes a dual-orbit mode for exploring sensitive dependence on initial conditions.

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Bifurcation Explorer

See the full picture at once. Click anywhere on the bifurcation diagram to set r and watch the cobweb and time series update instantly — from stable fixed points through period-doubling all the way to chaos.

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Loggerhead Turtle Simulator

A real, published stage-structured population model for an endangered species. Adjust survival at each life stage and watch the dominant eigenvalue — and the population's fate — respond, exactly as in the original conservation study.

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Course Materials
Weeks 1 – 2

Difference equations  ·  cobwebbing  ·  fixed points and stability

Week 3

The Ricker model  ·  continuous-time models and the phase line  ·  Euler's method  ·  replicator dynamics

Homework
📝 HW 3
Solutions
HW 3 — posted after due date
Week 4

Harvesting and bifurcation in continuous models  ·  structured populations, projection matrices, and eigenvalues

Homework
📝 HW 4
Solutions
HW 4 — posted after due date
Case study

In 1987, a seven-stage population matrix for the endangered loggerhead sea turtle showed that decades of effort protecting eggs on nesting beaches could never have saved the species — the population's growth rate was far more sensitive to survival of juveniles at sea. That single finding helped drive adoption of Turtle Excluder Devices in shrimp trawls. Explore the actual model in the Loggerhead Turtle Simulator above.

Crouse, Crowder & Caswell (1987), Ecology 68(5), 1412–1423.

Curious where a few of these ideas lead next? A handful of project topics came up along the way.

Project Ideas →